In order to improve the treatment efficiency of heavy metal wastewater, SRB immobilized on sodium alginate and three kinds of biomass-immobilization carriers (rice chaff, corn cob, straw) was used to treat single heavy metal (700 mg/L Fe2+, 75 mg/L Cu2+, 120 mg/L Pb2+, 80 mg/L Cd2+) wastewater, rice chaff was screened as the best immobilization carrier. In addition, the treatment effect of simulated heavy metal wastewater (containing 400 mg/L Fe2+, 30 mg/L Cu2+, 50 mg/L Pb2+, 40 mg/L Cd2+) was further studied. The results showed that the removal rates of heavy metals were 99%, 100%, 100%, 100%, respectively, as removing single heavy metal by SRB immobilized on rice chaff. The removal rates of Fe2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ in simulated heavy metal wastewater were 98.06%, 100%, 99.35% and 100%, respectively.