Extraction of lignans, such as schisandrin, deoxyschizandrin and schisandrin B, from water leaching pretreated solution of schisandra fruit with Soxhlet method was studied. The effects of siphonic number, ratio of liquid to solid, particle size and ethanol concentration on their extraction rate were examined and optimized with the response surface experiments. The results showed that the optimum conditions of schisandrin extraction were the ethanol concentration of 98.05%(j), ratio of liquid to solid of 67.20 mL/g and average particle size of 0.33 mm, the extraction rate of 80.90% was obtained under the above conditions, and the extraction rate from experiment 77.17%. For deoxyschizandrin, the optimum conditions were the ethanol concentration of 96.38%(j), ratio of liquid to solid of 72.52 mL/g and average particle size of 0.21 mm, the extraction rate of 77.11% was obtained under the above conditions, and the extraction rate from experiment 74.31%. For schisandrin B, the optimum conditions of extraction were the ethanol concentration of 96.38%(j), ratio of liquid to solid of 72.52 mL/g and average particle size of 0.21 mm, its extraction rate was 77.13% under the above conditions, and the extraction rate from experiment 74.23%. Meanwhile, the influential significance of the factors on the extraction rate of lignans was ethanol concentration > ratio of liquid to solid > particle size.