The petroleum asphalt was used to prepare the mesophase pitch through three steps treatment including polymerization, hydrogenation and heat treatment. The mesophase content in the obtained product is more than 80%. The composition and structure of asphalt in the three-step process were characterized. Besides, the influence of heat treatment conditions, like low temperature with a long time and high temperature with a short time, on mesophase pitch morphology was investigated. The results showed that the content of toluene insoluble and the number of aromatic rings in the asphalt were improved by thermal polymerization. After modified by hydrogenation, the alicyclic hydrocarbons in the asphalt molecules was increased and the mobility was improved. Finally, after thermal treatment, the polycyclic aromatic molecules were formed with side chains or naphthenic structure. The treatment by low temperature with long time was favorable to the development of mesophase molecules and obtaining wide-area streamlined mesophase.
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