The production of methane by anaerobic fermentation is the main treatment mode of organic waste such as wastewater, but subsequent processes of carbon dioxide separation, methane storage and transportation have restricted its application. Microbial fuel cells can directly convert the chemical energy of organic waste into electrical energy, and converting the traditional anaerobic fermentation methanogenesis process of organic waste into electricity production process, which is a greener and more environmentally friendly process and has broad application prospects. In present study, a microbial fuel cell (MFC) with good performance was constructed by using an anaerobic activated sludge as inoculum. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the changes of bacteria and archaea before and after MFC operation. The results showed that when the external 1000 Ω resistor was used, the output voltage reached 0.62 V, the output power reached 1247 mW/m2, and the internal resistance was 143 Ω, the Coulomb efficiency was 9.9%, the COD removal rate of the sludge in anode chamber reached 64% after MFC operation. When the sludge was treated by MFC, only the electron was produced instead of traditional CH4 and H2, thereby avoiding problems such as CO2 separation, CH4 storage and transportation in the methanogenesis process. The composition of archaea was relatively stable, while the bacterial flora changed significantly. Compared with the original anaerobic sludge, the MFC microbial diversity index decreased, while the dominant bacteria group became more obvious. The dominant bacteria Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were accepted as the common electric producing bacteria. Klebsiella, which is directly related to MFC's ability to produce electricity, is enriched and became a dominant genus with a relative abundance of 16.73%. In addition, Hydrogenophaga is also abundantly enriched, which may be a novel electrogenic microorganism. This study provided theoretical and technical support for the conversion of organic waste into electrical energy through anaerobic treatment.
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