In this work, a series of mineral catalytic materials were obtained by using Bayan Obo rare earth concentrate rich in Ce oxide as the catalyst material, impregnated with ferric nitrate solution and microwave roasted. XRD, SEM, EDS, XPS and other methods were used to characterize the mineral phase structure and surface morphology of the catalyst, and to determine its denitration activity. The results showed that the rare earth concentrate impregnated in 0.5 mol/L ferric nitrate solution (Catalyst 3) had the best structural characteristics, the surface was rough and porous, and obvious and deep cracks appeared, which was conducive to the diffusion of gas on the surface of the material. Most Fe2O3 was embedded in the rare earth concentrate in a highly dispersed or amorphous form. The content of Ce3+ and Fe2+ were increased after immersion in ferric nitrate solution and microwave roasting. Active components Ce coexisted in the form of Ce3+ and Ce4+, Fe coexisted in the form of Fe2+ and Fe3+. The conversion of adsorbed oxygen and lattice oxygen increased significantly, and there were more oxygen vacancies for oxygen transfer. The change in the valence of Fe ions and Ce ions indicated that Fe and Ce had a combined effect to generate a small amount of Fe and Ce composite oxides. With the increase of medium and strong acid sites on the surface of Catalyst 3, the ability of the surface to adsorb NH3 increased, and its denitration effect was the best. When the microwave roasting temperature was 350℃, the denitration rate can reach 80.6%.