Organic amines have a wide range of applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, life science and other fields. They can be used as raw materials for dyes, daily necessities, antibiotics, alkaloids, and clinical medicines. Among different amine compounds, primary amine is the most basic structural unit. Its application is also the most widely used in amine compounds. With the rapid development of economic and social as well as the improvement of people's quality of life, the market demand for primary amines, especially fatty primary amines, is increasing day by day. The synthesis and industrial preparation of fatty primary amines has become an important field. After decades of development, though the production technology of fatty primary amines has achieved great results, there are still some problems such as harsh reaction conditions, insufficient catalyst performance, serious pollution, complicated processes, etc. This work takes the industrial production and hot preparation methods of fatty primary amines as the research object, summarizes the process of preparing fatty primary amines in industry (including alkylation of organic halides with ammonia, reductive amination of alcohol, hydrogenation reduction of nitrile, direct amination of olefin, amination of carboxylic acid, etc.) and illustrates the practical application of each preparation method in industry production. It also analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each production method. Inferior, the current research hotspot-the method of preparing fatty primary amines by reductive amination of carbonyl compounds is described, and the potential and challenges of the preparation method in future industrial applications are pointed out.