Ionic liquid (IL) is a kind of green solvent with low saturated vapor pressure, good designability, strong stability, and wide liquid temperature range. Moreover, ionic liquid has high CO2 solubility, which has become a research hotspot in the field of CO2 separation. The separation membrane material obtained by combining ionic liquid and two-dimensional nanomaterials has the advantages of both ionic liquid and two-dimensional nanomaterials, which shows a good application prospect in gas separation. Among them, the combination of ionic liquid and graphene oxide (GO) has attracted much attention. In order to explore the application of ionic liquid-graphene oxide (IL-GO) membrane materials in the field of CO2 separation, this article reviews the research and progress in CO2 separation through graphene, ionic liquid and ionic liquid-graphene oxide membrane materials. From three perspectives based on IL-GO mixed matrix membrane, IL membrane supported by GO, and IL-GO composite membrane, the mechanisms in terms of selectivity, permeability, mechanical properties, thermal stability, high-pressure stability, and membrane thickness of the IL-GO membrane materials is mainly discussed. Relevant studies suggest that the IL-GO membrane materials has good selectivity, permeability mechanical properties, thermal stability, and high-pressure stability, and shows as a potential material for CO2 separation. Finally, future research challenges and prospects in CO2 capture and separation using ionic liquid, graphene oxide and IL-GO membrane materials are proposed.