In order to explore a low-cost and environment-friendly regeneration method of the granular bed, the effects of the average particle size ratio and volume ratio of the granules/dust, vibration frequency, acceleration as well as amplitude on the vertical vibration separation of the granules/dust on Brazil nuts effects were studied by taking photos after vertical vibration. The results showed Brazil nuts could be formed when the average particle size ratio of slag/talc powder and slag/fly ash was not less than 75, and the average particle size ratio of quartz sand/talc powder and quartz sand/fly ash was not less than 65 and 15.3 respectively. When the vibration acceleration and amplitude of slag/dust exceeded the critical value at the vibration frequency of 20~100 Hz, slag/dust changed from mixed state to Brazil nuts. With the increase of vibration frequency, the critical acceleration first increased and then decreased, reached the lowest value at 45 Hz, and then continued to increase. The critical amplitude first decreased with the increase of vibration frequency, reached the lowest value at 45 Hz, and then continued to increase. The optimum vibration frequency of Brazil nuts formed by the slag/dust system was 45 Hz, which was not affected by the slag particle size, dust type, and slag/dust volume ratio. However, the larger the particle size of slag and the larger the volume ratio of slag/talc was, the easier the separation of slag/talc was, and the formation of Brazil nuts was easier in slag/talc than in slag/fly ash. At the optimal frequency of 45 Hz, slag/talc powder and slag/fly ash could realize vertical vibration separation at low amplitudes of 1.01 mm and 1.36 mm, respectively. The vertical vibration method based on Brazil nuts effect is feasible to separate the dust from the granules in the granular bed, which is beneficial to the reuse of the granular material and improves the ability of the granular bed to capture fine dust. The vertical vibration is a promising method of regeneration of the granular bed.