Facing the increasingly severe energy crisis, it is necessary to reduce the use of fossil fuels and develop new energy materials. Energy storage materials have attracted widespread attention as the key to the safe and stable operation of the power system after the integration of renewable energy sources. At present, secondary batteries represented by lithium-ion batteries have been widely used as new energy storage devices. Its electrochemical performance is affected by various parts of electrochemical devices, such as electrode materials, separators, and current collectors. Among them, the electrode material is the core component of the secondary battery, which greatly determines the comprehensive electrochemical performance of the secondary battery. However, during the charging and discharging process, the core component electrode material faces problems such as volume expansion and active material dissolution, which further affect the capacity and safety of the secondary battery. Reasonable surface modification of electrochemical energy storage devices is the key to solving the above problems. Recently, plasma technology, owing to its high activity, which can induce rapid and efficient reactions under relatively mild conditions, has been widely used on both industrial and laboratory scales as a very promising and important tool for surface modification of electrochemical energy storage devices. The use of plasma to treat the surface of the electrochemical energy storage devices can effectively inhibit the dissolution of the active material, avoid the occurrence of side reactions, and improve the cycle life and discharge capacity of the secondary battery. This work introduces plasma technology, especially low-temperature plasma, and summarizes the latest progress in low-temperature plasma technology in electrochemical energy storage devices including electrode material and separator. Finally, plasma technology is discussed. The advantages of the method, as well as the challenges and applications it faces in the prospect are analyzed.