In this study, anthracite powder was selected as the object to study the related properties of surfactants and the wettability of anthracite powder. On this basis, a wet fiber grating dust removal system was designed and built to study the effects of different wind speeds, water pressures, fiber grating mesh numbers and the types of compound surfactants on dust removal efficiency. The experimental results show that the surfactant can effectively reduce the surface tension of water, making the coal powder more easily wetted. When the dust removal system has not added surfactant, the single filtration efficiency of dry fiber grid to dust is low. After adding the spray device, the dust removal efficiency increases first and then tends to be stable with the increase of spray pressure, and the overall efficiency is significantly higher than that under the condition of single fiber grid dust removal. However, too high speed and too small droplet size are easier to pass through the fiber grating and reduce the water volume on the fiber grating, which is not conducive to the formation of water film between fibers, thus affecting the improvement of dust removal efficiency. The number of fiber grids is positively correlated with the dust removal efficiency, and when the wind speed is greater than 0.7 m/s, due to the formation of more water film on the fiber network, there will be certain resistance to the wind speed. At this time, the wind speed has no obvious effect on the change of dust removal efficiency. After adding surfactants, the dedusting efficiency of the system is significantly improved. By comparing the dedusting efficiency of several complex solutions, it is found that LAB-35+X-100 surfactant complex solution have the highest dedusting efficiency, which can reach 97.03%. Moreover, the growth rate of dedusting efficiency is relatively stable with the change of water pressure. It can be seen that this complex solution had good dust removal effect. In terms of economy, the CMC of X-100 and LAB-35 solutions are 0.07wt% and 0.5wt%, which are easy to reach saturation and simple to be configured. Therefore, they can be considered to be used in industrial dust removal in the future.