Facing the strategic goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking, based on the energy economic structure of coal-rich industrial areas, challenges faced by resource recycling in coal-based industries and low-carbon environmental ecology are discussed. First of all, based on the route of industrial ecology and circular economy, some suggestions are put forward for the development of coal-based industries such as chemical engineering and coal power. Specifically, it includes the reduction of overcapacity and the reduction of land and space planning, the reduction of emissions from process industry reengineering, and the construction of zero-carbon technology parks. Then, the specific measures for the recycling of coal-based waste resources are introduced, including the advanced treatment and reuse of coking wastewater, the materialization/energy utilization of solid waste, and the comprehensive utilization of low-grade resources. Finally, various ways of carbon dioxide emission reduction and resource utilization are summarized, focusing on the mineralization and fixation of carbon dioxide and green transformation, while realizing the green transformation and development of the coal-based industry, ultra-low-carbon emissions might be controlled.