The increasing greenhouse effect and the massive discharge of high-salt wastewater have put a great burden on the environment. The carbon peaking and carbon neutrality policies require the formation of a green production lifestyle and the strengthening of comprehensive utilization of resources, which has a positive guiding effect on achieving carbon emission reduction. The choice of recycling high-salt wastewater and the development of efficient carbon capture technologies can greatly enhance the carbon emission reduction process. Ion exchange membrane electrodialysis can realize the concentration, desalination and separation of high salt wastewater due to its unique separation characteristics. In order to reduce the greenhouse effect, the combination of desalination, recycling of high-salt wastewater and efficient capture of carbon dioxide could be implied to reduce concentration of carbon dioxide, further achieving the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality and zero discharge of wastewater. Therefore, six types of electrodialysis technologies based on ion membrane electrodialysis including conventional electrodialysis, bipolar membrane electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, electrodialysis metathesis, selective electrodialysis, and shock electrodialysis were introduced as well as their application progress in carbon capture and conversion and wastewater resource recovery were reviewed in this work. In the meantime, the application prospects of the new ion exchange membrane electrodialysis technologies in the treatment of high salt wastewater were prospected, and the limitations and challenges of the new ion exchange membrane electrodialysis technologies in the aspects of reducing carbon emission were pointed out. Finally, new ideas for the new electrodialysis technologies to achieve carbon emission reduction were provided.