Affected by the scale effect, the morphological characteristics of liquid bridges at the microscale determine the changes in liquid bridge forces that are area-related. Liquid bridge forces have an important impact on the formation and fracture of liquid bridges. The liquid bridge fracture mechanism based on liquid bridge morphology is the theoretical basis of biology, chemistry, materials, micro-nano technology, and many other research fields. At present, the study of liquid bridge fracture is an interdisciplinary discipline involving mathematics, fluid mechanics, interface chemistry, materials science, and other disciplines, however there is few review of the research progress focusing on liquid bridge fracture based on liquid bridge morphology. This review mainly summarizes the fracture theoretical models and experimental methods of axisymmetric liquid bridges, non-axisymmetric liquid bridges, and non-Newtonian liquid bridges. It mainly introduces the weak nonlinear behavior of the fluid generated during the tensile and rupture of the liquid bridge under equilibrium or steady state caused by the forced hydraulic bridge. The influences of key factors such as liquid volume, viscosity, surface tension, wettability, roughness of the solid surface, fracture speed, and liquid bridge morphology on the fracture location or liquid distribution rate of the liquid bridge are systematically described. The experimental methods for quantitatively studying the use of different key parameters affecting liquid bridge fracture are analyzed. The structural characteristics of different experimental apparatus and their advantages and disadvantages are compared and discussed. Furthermore, the innovative and high-value research direction of the research is summarized and proposed, which may be used in future research. Finally, the research frontier trends of liquid bridge fracture in the field of micro-nano technology prospected, and it is pointed out that the future research focused on issues including a more comprehensive hydraulic bridge fracture model, the fracture mechanism, and multi-parameter control method of the liquid bridge.