The piezoelectric effect in asymmetric semiconductors has been shown to be an effective strategy to reduce carrier recombination in photocatalysis. This means that mechanical energy-induced piezoelectricity can act as a flexible automatic valve to regulate the transfer and separation of light-induced carriers in the bulk phase and on photocatalyst surfaces. Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has a non-centrally symmetrical pore structure and uniform pore distribution, so it has piezoelectric response characteristics, and has received extensive attention in the field of antibacterial applications. The molecular engineering of g-C3N4 can change the piezoelectric polarization of g-C3N4 to a certain extent, which will enhance the role of the piezoelectric effect in the antimicrobial process of g-C3N4. Therefore, in this work, two-dimensional g-C3N4 materials containing hydroxyl and carboxyl oxygen-containing functional groups were synthesized by KOH with high temperature alkali treatment and KSCN calcination acid leaching, respectively. The results show that g-C3N4 still exhibits a graphite structure after the modification of the agglomeration of oxygen. The piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) confirms the non-uniform surface potential distribution of these composite materials, and significantly improves the piezoelectric performance after the carboxyl branching. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that the composite material causes a certain physical damage to the bacteria. The active oxygen (ROS) test shows that the induction effect is introduced to promote the separation of the electron-acupuncture point, which enhances the ability of the materials to capture electrons in the piezoelectric field. As a result, the captured electrons are restarted around the adsorption oxygen, generating a large amount of superoxide anion, and inducing a change in the active oxygen level within the bacteria to change, causing bacterial death. In vitro, the oxidation-induced oxidation stimulation combined with physical cutting of the antibacterial activity to Escherichia coli (E. coli) is 5log (99.999%), and the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is 4log (99.99%), which is higher than the pure g-C3N4. These findings emphasize the antibacterial potential of the carboxylated g-C3N4 material, which may be a promising candidate as an antibacterial material in the light-restricted environment.