The residence time distribution (RTD) of liquid in the rotary disk reactor with different hydrophilic-hydrophobic surface structures at different rotational speeds and flow rates is studied by pulse tracer method. The results show that the increase of rotational speed and flow rate reduces the dimensionless variance of the smooth disk, narrows the residence time distribution curve, and make the liquid film flow behavior closer to the ideal piston flow. An increase in the number of hydrophobic layer stripes on the disk surface causes the trend of the dimensionless variance value with respect to rotational speed and flow rate to no longer decreases monotonically. Moreover, with the increase of flow rate, the average residence time of liquid in the reactor decreases, and the change of the number of hydrophobic layers on the surface of the turntable also has a certain influence on the average residence time, but there is no significant regularity. In addition, the change of flow rate, rotational speed and the number of hydrophobic layers also affect the flow characteristics and mixing performance of the fluid on the surface of the turntable. The series reactor stage and Peclet number of the smooth disk increases with the increase of flow rate and rotational speed, indicating that the liquid film flow behavior is close to the piston flow. At the same time, the degree of back mixing and dispersion on the surface of the turntable also gradually decreases for smooth disk, while an increase in the number of hydrophobic layer stripes causes the trends of the series reactor stages and Peclet number with respect to rotational speed and flow rate to no longer decreases monotonically. Based on the dimensionless analysis of the related influencing factors of the series reactor stages and Peclet number of different hydrophilic and hydrophobic interphase structures, the prediction correlation of the series reactor stages and Peclet number is established. This study is helpful to further understand the influence of non-uniform infiltration on the liquid residence time distribution and backmixing degree, and provides guidance for the design and optimization of the rotating disk reactor.