Under the background of industrialization, sludge treatment and recycling have become a crucial focus under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. This review systematically examines evaluation methodologies for sludge treatment technologies, with particular emphasis on environmental impact, techno-economic performance, and carbon footprint analysis. Environmental impact assessment based on life cycle assessment reveals that electricity and fuel consumption significantly contribute to global warming potential, acidification potential, and toxicity potential. Improving energy utilization efficiency demonstrates marked potential in reducing these environmental burdens. Technical economic assessment indicates that processes incorporating energy recovery—particularly biogas power generation and thermal energy recovery—substantially enhance economic viability through additional revenue streams. Carbon footprint analysis further establishes that energy and material recovery strategies offer greater emission reduction potential compared to merely reducing direct electricity consumption. For instance, anaerobic digestion with combined heat and power can achieve significantly lower net carbon emissions than conventional treatment pathways. Beyond these core aspects, comprehensive energy analysis and risk assessment are increasingly recognized as vital components in technology evaluation. Integrating these perspectives, this review proposes a holistic "6A" evaluation framework encompassing environmental impact, technical economic assessment, carbon footprint analysis, risk assessment, energy assessment, and material flow analyzation. This multi-criteria approach provides comprehensive support for decision-making in sludge management, facilitating the development of sustainable sludge treatment practices that align with environmental protection objectives and climate goals. The framework offers valuable guidance for policy formulation and technology optimization in sludge treatment sector.