The preparation methods of perovskite type mixed ionic and electronic conductors are introduced, and their applications in control of gaseous, liquid and solid pollutants, especially control technology of NOx and CO, efficient removal of dyes and phenols in sewage water and utilization of soot, summarized. Taking perovskite type mixed ionic and electronic conductors as the support of composite catalyst, a new process for production of aromatic compounds by selectively catalytic oxidation of lignin is proposed. It opens a new way of application for perovskite type mixed ionic and electronic conductors and provides a theoretical support for efficient catalytic conversion of lignin.