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The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 611-620.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.225252

• Research Paper • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Thermodynamic characteristics analysis of Carnot battery energy storage system integrated with waste heat recovery and flash cycle

Junsheng FENG1,2,  Lu WANG1,  Yuqi HE1,  Liang ZHAO3,  Hui DONG3*   

  1. 1. School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China 2. Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China 3. School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
  • Received:2025-09-30 Revised:2025-11-03 Online:2026-06-28 Published:2026-06-30

集成余热回收和闪蒸循环的卡诺电池储能系统热力学特性分析

冯军胜1,2， 王璐1， 何雨琪1， 赵亮3， 董辉3*   

  1. 1. 安徽建筑大学环境与能源工程学院，安徽 合肥 230601 2. 重庆大学低品位能源利用技术及系统教育部重点实验室，重庆 400044 3. 东北大学冶金学院，辽宁 沈阳 110819
  • 通讯作者: 冯军胜 fjsheng076@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目;低品位能源利用技术及系统教育部重点实验室开放基金项目;安徽省高校自然科学研究基金项目

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Abstract: The novel Carnot battery energy storage system is proposed by coupling the two-stage compression heat pump (HP) with flash evaporation and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) in the current study. The low-temperature waste heat of sinter cooling flue gas in steel industry is used as the system heat source, and the thermodynamic calculation model of novel energy storage system is established. The change laws of system round-trip efficiency, total exergy loss and exergy efficiency under various HP working fluids and key operating parameters are deeply investigated, and the thermodynamic performance of various HP working fluids under the optimal system operating parameters, as well as the distribution of exergy losses in each system component are also presented. The research results indicate that when the HP working fluid is fixed, the lower the HP condensing temperature is, and the higher the ORC evaporation temperature is, the greater the system round-trip efficiency and exergy efficiency are, while the system total exergy loss is smaller. With the rise of flash evaporation temperature, the system round-trip efficiency and exergy efficiency first rise and then reduce, while the system total exergy loss first reduces and then rises. Under the optimal operating conditions, the R1234ze(Z) set as the HP working fluid has the best thermodynamic performance with the system round-trip efficiency of 64.19%, total exergy loss of 1454.3 kW, and exergy efficiency of 34.97%. Among them, the exergy loss generated in HP evaporator is the highest with a relative exergy loss rate of 24.25%, followed by the irreversible loss in ORC evaporator with a relative exergy loss rate of 20.19%, and the smallest is the irreversible loss in ORC working fluid pump with a relative exergy loss rate of only 0.21%.

Key words: waste heat recovery, Carnot battery, organic Rankine cycle, flash device, thermodynamic performance

摘要： 本工作耦合带闪蒸的双级压缩热泵(HP)和有机朗肯循环(ORC)构建新型卡诺电池储能系统，并以钢铁行业低温烧结冷却烟气余热为系统热源，建立新型储能系统热力学计算模型，深入探究不同HP工质和关键运行参数下系统往返效率、总?损失和?效率的变化规律，并给出系统最优运行参数下不同HP工质的热力学性能，以及系统各个部件?损失情况。研究结果表明，当HP工质一定时，HP冷凝温度越低，ORC蒸发温度越高，系统往返效率和?效率越大，而系统总?损失越小。随着闪蒸温度升高，系统往返效率和?效率先增加后减小，而系统总?损失先减小后增大。在最佳工况下，R1234ze(Z)作为HP工质的系统热力学性能最好，其系统往返效率、总?损失和?效率分别为64.19%, 1454.3 kW和34.97%。其中，HP蒸发器内产生的?损最高，相对?损率达到24.25%，其次是ORC蒸发器内不可逆损失，相对?损率达到20.19%，最小的是ORC工质泵内不可逆损失，相对?损率仅为0.21%。

关键词: 余热回收, 卡诺电池, 有机朗肯循环, 闪蒸装置, 热力学性能