Abstract: This paper takes the system which utilizes wheat, corn, cassava to produce fuel ethanol as the study object, builds up and illustrates a process-based nonlinear programming model for the system with many complex biochemical reactions from some key perspectives such as structure and process parameters optimization, production program selection, etc., which aims at the problems that the constant changes of feedstock cost, product price, subsidy policy and fossil energy market always affect profits. Then, three cases are introduced to make further analysis. The deduction result of the material structure optimization shows that the monthly benefit of the system can be increased by 5%~8% after optimization, and whenever a feedstock price, e.g. wheat price keeps rising, the plant can use other low price feedstock as alternative under the baseline satisfying the process and product quality requirements. The optimized results of product route show that the plant should adjust respective product yield when the prices keep increasing from 0.6 yuan per cubic meter to guarantee maximal. This model is useful for solving the decision-making problems in production, improving the overall efficiency and arranging production for multi-biomass material and multi-product enterprise.

Key words: fuel-ethanol, production, optimization, biomass

摘要： 以利用小麦、玉米、木薯等多种原料生产燃料乙醇的系统为研究对象，针对存在的原料成本、产品价格、补贴政策、化石能源市场等诸多因素不断变化影响效益的问题，从原料结构优化、工艺参数优化、生产方案选择等关键角度，建立了燃料乙醇生产的全流程优化非线性规划模型，提出了影响系统效益的三个主要问题. 原料结构优化结果表明，经模型优化后系统单月利润平均可增加5%~8%；在某一原料如小麦价格不断上涨时，可在满足生产工艺和产品品质要求的前提下用其他低价原料如木薯代替. 产品路线优化结果表明，沼气价格从0.6 ￥/m3逐步增加时，企业应根据价格变化逐步调整各产品产量，以保证整体效益最大化，超过1.3 ￥/m3时，则没有必要再利用沼气发电，可直接销售. 该模型有助于解决实际生产中的决策问题及多原料多产品的生物质能源企业提高整体效益、合理安排生产.

关键词: 燃料乙醇, 生产, 优化, 生物质