Abstract: Pressure-swing distillation has demonstrated prominent advantages in separating complex ternary azeotropic systems due to its ability to exploit pressure-dependent azeotropic shifts. This study proposed a novel decanter-assisted pressure-swing distillation configuration (NPSD) for the challenging separation of a benzene/n-propanol/water ternary azeotropic system. Building upon the NPSD framework, thermal efficiency was further enhanced via a vapor recompression heat pump, leading to the NPSD-HP process. Despite these advancements, plantwide dynamic controllability of such hybrid systems remained underexplored. To address this research gap, the controllability of conventional NPSD and heat pump-assisted NPSD-HP processes was systematically investigated through Aspen Dynamics. For the NPSD system, temperature sensitivity analysis employing a slope criterion identified critical control stages, enabling the design of two control configurations: a basic temperature-driven control structure (CS1) and an enhanced structure (CS2) that effectively reduced deviations and offsets of product purity with improved robustness. The NPSD-HP process was evaluated through three progressively sophisticated control schemes (CS3~CS5). The results showed that the component-temperature cascade-feed-forward control structure (CS5) demonstrated superior disturbance rejection capabilities, effectively handling ±20% feed flow and composition disturbances while maintaining favorable dynamic response characteristics. Comparative analysis of integral absolute error (IAE) metrics revealed that cascade control implementation reduced error accumulation through the correction effect of the component loop. This discovery demonstrated that composition control exhibited distinct advantages in complex distillation systems, including shorter response times and reduced overshoot, highlighting its significant application value. These findings underscored extensive research opportunities in dynamic control strategies for ternary azeotrope separation via advanced distillation technologies. Future investigations should focus on intelligent optimization frameworks integrating model predictive control with AI-driven algorithms, multivariable coordinated regulation mechanisms, and intensive energy conservation approaches. Such advancements are expected to further enhance disturbance rejection capabilities and economic performance in heat pump-assisted distillation processes.

Key words: azeotropic system, pressure-swing distillation, heat pump technology, dynamic control

摘要： 变压精馏技术在分离三元复杂共沸物方面具有显著优势，本工作提出一种带分相器的新型变压精馏方案，用于分离苯/正丙醇/水三元复杂共沸物系；引入热泵精馏技术后可提高能源利用率，但其动态控制研究仍较为匮乏。为填补这一空白，本研究对两种工艺的可控性展开分析。研究中采用斜率确定温度灵敏板，针对带有分相器的新型变压精馏(NPSD)设计了基础控制结构CS1和高鲁棒性控制结构CS2；针对耦合热泵工艺(NPSD-HP)提出基础控制结构CS3、前馈控制结构CS4和组分温度串级-前馈控制结构CS5三种控制方案。结果表明，组分温度串级-前馈控制结构CS5能有效抵抗进料流量±20%和进料组分±20%的扰动，具有良好的动态特性。通过积分绝对误差(IAE)对于控制结构的判定可知，由于组分回路的修正作用能显著减少误差累积，因此带有串级控制的IAE更低。这一发现表明，组分控制在复杂精馏系统中具有重要应用价值。因此，复杂精馏技术分离三元复杂共沸物的动态控制仍存在广阔的研究空间，未来可进一步探索更先进的控制策略和优化方法。

关键词: 共沸体系, 变压精馏, 热泵技术, 动态控制