Abstract: The composition of copper slag is closely related to the physical properties of slag and the recovery rate of matte during the copper slag cleaning stage. In this work, copper smelting slag is used as raw material, and analytical methods such as mass action concentration model, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy are employed to investigate the influence of FeO and SiO2 on the physical properties and copper loss of copper smelting slag. The results show that as the FeO content in the mass-action concentration system of copper smelting slag increases, the mass action concentration of Fe2SiO4 increases, Fe3O4 show a trend of first increases and then decreases, and as the SiO2 content increases, the mass action concentration of FeO and Fe3O4 decreases, the reducing ability of slag increases and the oxidizing ability decreases. As the addition of FeO increases from 0wt% to 12wt%, the proportion of liquid slag phase in copper slag system increases, the foaming slag gradually disappears, the complex silicate network structure of slag tends to simplify, and the viscosity and melting point of slag decrease, which is conducive to the polymerization and sedimentation of matte. The proportion of matte layer increases from 21.9% to 28.7%, and the loss of copper due to mechanical entrainment decreases from 5.64wt% to 0.71wt%. With the addition of SiO2 increasing from 0wt% to 12wt%, the high-melting-point spinel phase in the copper slag decreases, while the low-melting-point fayalite phase increases, the mass fraction of chemically dissolved copper in the copper slag gradually decreases, and the loss of copper due to mechanical entrainment decreases from 5.64wt% to 1.02wt%. The increase in SiO2 and FeO content in copper smelting slag can improve the fluidity of slag and enhance the recoverability of matte in the electric furnace cleaning stage.

Key words: copper slag, cleaning, mass-action concentration, copper content in slag

摘要： 铜渣组分构成与电炉贫化阶段炉渣物性及冰铜回收率密切相关。本工作以铜熔炼渣为原料，采用质量作用浓度模型、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱等分析手段，探究了FeO和SiO2对铜熔炼渣物性及铜损失的影响规律。结果表明，随着铜熔炼渣质量作用浓度体系中FeO添加量增加，Fe2SiO4质量作用浓度升高，Fe3O4质量作用浓度出现先升高后降低的趋势。随着SiO2添加量增加，FeO和Fe3O4质量作用浓度降低，炉渣还原能力增强，氧化能力减弱。随着FeO添加量从0wt%增加至12wt%，铜渣体系中液态渣相占比增加，泡沫渣逐渐消失，炉渣复杂硅酸盐结构趋于简化，炉渣黏度、熔点降低，有利于冰铜聚合、沉降，冰铜层占比由21.9%升高至28.7%，机械夹杂铜损失从5.64wt%降低至0.71wt%。随着SiO2添加量从0wt%增加至12wt%，铜渣中高熔点尖晶石相减少，低熔点铁橄榄石相增加，铜渣中化学溶解铜质量分数逐渐降低，机械夹杂铜损失从5.64wt%降低至1.02wt%。铜熔炼渣中SiO2和FeO含量升高，能够改善炉渣流动性，提升电炉贫化阶段冰铜可回收性。

关键词: 铜渣, 贫化, 质量作用浓度, 渣含铜量