Abstract: Under the background of industrialization, sludge treatment and recycling have become a crucial focus under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. This review systematically examines evaluation methodologies for sludge treatment technologies, with particular emphasis on environmental impact, techno-economic performance, and carbon footprint analysis. Environmental impact assessment based on life cycle assessment reveals that electricity and fuel consumption significantly contribute to global warming potential, acidification potential, and toxicity potential. Improving energy utilization efficiency demonstrates marked potential in reducing these environmental burdens. Technical economic assessment indicates that processes incorporating energy recovery—particularly biogas power generation and thermal energy recovery—substantially enhance economic viability through additional revenue streams. Carbon footprint analysis further establishes that energy and material recovery strategies offer greater emission reduction potential compared to merely reducing direct electricity consumption. For instance, anaerobic digestion with combined heat and power can achieve significantly lower net carbon emissions than conventional treatment pathways. Beyond these core aspects, comprehensive energy analysis and risk assessment are increasingly recognized as vital components in technology evaluation. Integrating these perspectives, this review proposes a holistic "6A" evaluation framework encompassing environmental impact, technical economic assessment, carbon footprint analysis, risk assessment, energy assessment, and material flow analyzation. This multi-criteria approach provides comprehensive support for decision-making in sludge management, facilitating the development of sustainable sludge treatment practices that align with environmental protection objectives and climate goals. The framework offers valuable guidance for policy formulation and technology optimization in sludge treatment sector.

Key words: sludge treatment and resource recycling, environmental impact assessment, recycling, comprehensive evaluation

摘要： 在工业化背景下，污泥处理和资源化是“双碳”目标下的重点领域之一。本工作针对污泥处理与资源化过程，总结了污泥处理技术的评价方法，系统探讨了应用较为广泛的环境、经济、碳足迹评价的方法与研究进展。环境影响评价部分重点关注生命周期评价中能源使用对全球变暖潜力、环境酸化和毒性潜力等关键指标的影响，发现电力、燃料使用和能源利用率与环境影响类别显著相关；技术经济评价综合评估经济收支和总经济表现情况，表明电力回收和沼气发电具有显著的经济效益；碳足迹评价则对温室气体排放量和总碳排放情况进行分析，结果表明相较于减少电力使用，能源回收的减排潜力更为可观。此外，能源和风险评价也日益受到关注。基于上述内容，本工作提出基于环境影响、技术经济、碳足迹分析、风险、能量、物质流分析的“6A”多角度评价体系，为污泥管理决策提供了全面的支持，有助于推动符合环境保护目标和气候目标的可持续污泥处理实践的发展，为污泥处理领域的政策制定和技术优化提供了有价值的指导。

关键词: 污泥处理与资源化, 环境影响评价, 回收, 综合评价