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过程工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2): 150-160.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.225167

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

塑料颗粒熔化过程传热特性的实验和数值模拟

滕露露， 叶娜， 黄静宽， 尹丽洁*   

  1. 同济大学机械与能源工程学院，上海 201804
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-13 修回日期:2025-08-11 出版日期:2026-02-28 发布日期:2026-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 尹丽洁 y_lijie@tongji.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    上海市自然科学基金

Experiment and numerical simulation of heat transfer characteristics of plastic particles melting process

Lulu TENG,  Na YE,  Jingkuan HUANG,  Lijie YIN*   

  1. School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
  • Received:2025-06-13 Revised:2025-08-11 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2026-02-28

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摘要： 熔化后的塑料黏度高且导热系数低，在热处置领域，其熔化行为对反应器传热及运行性能具有重要影响。本研究通过实验发现塑料热解呈现“熔化-沸腾-热解”三阶段特征，其中熔化阶段因相变吸热导致反应器内温度分布发生显著变化。基于VOF (Volume of Fluid)模型并耦合焓-孔隙率方法，构建了塑料颗粒的三维熔化模型，模拟了热气流加热条件下塑料颗粒的熔化行为，重点分析了颗粒尺寸及形状对熔化过程中温度分布、熔化速率及界面传热的影响。结果表明，熔化过程中颗粒内部存在明显温度梯度，熔化速率随时间延长呈先增加后减小的趋势。球体颗粒粒径从10 mm增加至15 mm，熔化时间延长约20 s。熔化过程中气液界面热流量随时间先上升后下降，完全熔化所需的总热量与颗粒质量成正比，粒径20 mm的球体颗粒所需总热量约为10 mm颗粒的8倍。不同形状的颗粒熔化速率受迎风面积、比表面积等因素影响，相同质量的圆柱体和长方体颗粒较球体颗粒熔化速率更快，熔化时间较球体颗粒分别减少22.7%和18.2%。研究结果可为热解反应器优化设计提供理论依据。

关键词: 塑料熔化, 数值模拟, 焓-孔隙率法, 界面传热, 颗粒形态

Abstract: The melted plastic has high viscosity and low thermal conductivity. In the field of thermal disposal, the melting behavior significantly impacts reactor heat transfer and operational performance. In this study, it was experimentally found that the pyrolysis of plastics was characterized by three stages of "melting-boiling-pyrolysis", in which the phase change enthalpy absorption caused significant changes in the reactor's temperature distribution. A three-dimensional melting model for plastic particles was developed based on the volume of fluid (VOF) model coupled with the enthalpy-porosity method. This model simulated the melting behavior of plastic particles under hot gas flow heating conditions, focusing on analyzing the effects of particle size and shape on temperature distribution, melting rate, and interfacial heat transfer during melting. It was found that there was a distinct internal temperature gradient within particles during melting, with the melting rate initially increasing and then decreasing over time. Compared to spherical particles with a diameter of 10 mm, increasing the particle diameter by 50% extended the melting time by approximately 20 seconds. The heat flow at the gas-liquid interface during melting initially increased and then decreased over time. The total heat required for complete melting was proportional to mass. The total heat for melting 20 mm spherical particles was approximately eight times that of 10 mm particles. The melting rate of different shapes of particles was affected by the windward area and specific surface area, etc. At the same mass, cylindrical and rectangular particles had faster melting rate than spherical particles, and the melting time was reduced by 22.7% and 18.2%, respectively, compared with that of spherical particles. The results provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of pyrolysis reactor design.

Key words: plastic melting, numerical simulation, enthalpy-porosity method, interfacial heat transfer, particle morphology