采用两步法合成了3种不同阳离子侧链长度(烯丙基和乙烯基)及不同阴离子种类(硫酸根和三氟甲基磺酸)的可聚合酸性离子液体，对其进行了表征. 结果表明，3种离子液体符合理论设计结构特点，且分解温度都在200℃以上；离子液体的催化活性不仅与其阴离子结构有关，还与其侧链长度有关. 将1-磺酸丁基-3-乙烯基咪唑硫酸氢盐聚合固载到改性凹凸棒土表面，在反应温度65℃、甲醇与油酸摩尔比6:1、固载催化剂用量0.7 g [固载率为36%(w)]的条件下，反应5 h后油酸甲酯产率可达58%，重复4次后酯化产率仍达33%以上，且催化剂易分离回收.

Three kinds of acid polymeric ionic liquids (ILs) were prepared by a two-step method. The characterization results showed that the decomposition temperature was above 200℃. Both anion structures and the side chain length had effects on the activity of ILs. IL3 ([(CH2)4SO3HVIm]HSO4) was chosen to be immobilized on the modified attapulgite (ATP) for preparation of heterogeneous catalysts. The esterification reaction between oleic acid and methanol was selected to test the catalyst activity. When the reaction temperature was 65℃, molar ratio of methanol to oleic acid 6:1, and dosage of catalyst 0.7 g [the immobilization rate 36%(w)], the yield of methyl oleate reached over 58% after 5 h. After 4 reusing cycles of the ATP-PIL, the yield of methyl oleate was still above 33%. Moreover, the catalyst could be easily separated and recycled.