采用微波固相法酸浸提取煤矸石中的铁、铝，对煤矸石原料、酸浸物和酸浸渣的化学组成、物相组成及微观形貌进行了分析，利用ChemOffice软件对煤矸石原料及酸浸未溶物所含化合物分子的三维结构及分子间键长进行模拟. 结果表明，在微波辅助酸浸条件下，煤矸石中铁、铝组分浸取率分别达98.13%和95.07%，酸浸未溶物中铁、铝组分分别为FeH(SO4)2×2H2O, FeSO3, Al2SO4(OH)4×5H2O和AlH(SO4)2×2H2O. 微波固相法的酸浸反应机理与传统加热机理不同.

The extraction of valuable components such as iron and aluminum from coal gangue by microwave-assisted solid reaction method was studied. The chemical and phase compositions and micro-morphology of coal gangue and the leaching products were characterized by SEM, XRD and EDS. The results showed that the leaching rate of iron and aluminum reached 98.13% and 95.07%, respectively by microwave-assisted solid reaction method. Moreover, the valuable components of iron and aluminum in the acid leaching products existed in the forms of FeH(SO4)2×2H2O, FeSO3, Al2SO4(OH)4×5H2O and AlH(SO4)2×2H2O. The microwave-assisted solid acid leaching mechanism was investigated by simulating the three-dimensional structures and intermolecular bond lengths of components with ChemOffice software, which was different from traditional thermal leaching one.