采用水热法与离子液体-乙醇-水体系组合处理毛竹，分析了固体产物结构. 结果表明，基本实现了毛竹全组分分离，水热法预处理选择性脱除半纤维素组分的脱除率达82.88%. 离子液体-乙醇-水体系中大部分木质素被溶解，而纤维素基本不发生水解，最佳工艺条件为：反应温度170℃，反应时间4 h，[AMIM]OAc:C2H6O:H2O=5:5:0.5(j)，此条件下，水解残渣溶解率为43.14%，粗纤维素和粗木质素的纯度分别为91.38%和87.70%.

Bamboo was fractionated by hydrothermal method in ionic liquid-ethanol-H2O system, the dissolution of hydrolysis residue in the system studied, and the structure of separated components analyzed. The results showed that the removal rate of hemicellulose was 82.88% by hydrothermal pretreatment, most of the lignin was dissolved in the solution, but the cellulose was not hydrolyzed. The optimal dissolution conditions were obtained as reaction temperature 170℃, reaction time 4 h, and [AMIM]OAc:C2H6O:H2O=5:5:0.5(j). Under these conditions, the dissolution rate of hydrolysis residue was 43.14%, and the purity of crude cellulose and crude lignin 91.38% and 87.70%, respectively.