为提高红麻纤维分散度，用双氧水(H2O2)预浸与蒸汽闪爆联合脱胶，通过单因素实验确定最优H2O2预浸/蒸汽闪爆工艺，对纤维微观形态、成分及结晶度进行了分析. 结果表明，最佳脱胶条件为H2O2浓度0.6 mol/L，预浸时间1 h，闪爆压力1.2 MPa，闪爆保压时间60 s. 该条件下脱胶后的纤维细度可达180公支，断裂强度为5.2 cN/dtex，均比用蒸馏水预浸/蒸汽闪爆工艺增加1倍. H2O2预浸/蒸汽闪爆可有效去除半纤维素、木质素等非纤维素物质，纤维表面光滑洁净，纤维素未被破坏，且结晶度增加.

In order to improve the dispersion of kenaf fibers, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) presoak combined with steam explosion degumming was carried out. The experiment of microstructure characterization, chemical composition analysis, and crystallinity were analyzed. The single factor experiment results showed that the optimal H2O2 presoak/steam explosion conditions are as follows: concentration of H2O2 in 0.6 mol/L, presoak time in 1 h, steam pressure of 1.2 MPa, and steam pressure maintaining time of 60 s. Optimized fiber fineness can reach 180 with the breaking tenacity of 5.28 cN/dtex. It is approximately double compared with kenaf fiber treated by distilled water/steam explosion. It can be found that steam explosion presoaked with H2O2 can remove the non-cellulosic materials like hemicellulose and lignin effectively, make the fiber surface clean and smooth, and increase its crystallization index without destroying the crystal type of kenaf cellulose.