为提高真空循环脱气(RH)真空精炼的效率，设计了3种新型弓形浸渍管RH真空室，并建立了物理模型。通过水模拟实验研究了浸渍管形状、提升气体流量、浸渍管浸入钢液深度对弓形浸渍管RH和传统圆形浸渍管RH钢液循环流动的影响。结果表明，在实验气体流量范围内，3个弓形浸渍管RH比传统圆形浸渍管RH的循环流量增加了45%~218%，均混时间减少了15%以上。圆形浸渍管RH达最大吹气流量时，3种弓形浸渍管RH的循环流量仍线性增加。新型弓形浸渍管RH的最大提升气体流量可在传统圆形浸渍管RH提升气体流量(60?130 m3/h)的基础上提高48%以上，方便短时间、高强度真空精炼操作。3种新型弓形浸渍管RH的循环流量随提升气体流量增加而线性增大，随浸渍管浸入钢液深度增加而增大，均混时间随提升气体流量和浸入深度增加而减小。现场应用时，弓形浸渍管其中2个面积较小的浸渍管浸入深度须大于545 mm，面积最大的浸入深度须大于818 mm，3个弓形浸渍管RH的最大提升气体流量需控制在约173 m3/h。在现场现行的提升气体流量范围(60~130 Nm3/h)内，1#, 2#和3#弓形浸渍管RH的循环流量较传统圆形浸渍管RH分别约增加100%, 42%和112%，均混时间分别缩短30%, 15%和34%以上。在实验提升气体流量范围内，非对称弓形浸渍管RH的循环流量最大，均混时间最少。
In order to improve the vacuum refining efficiency of Ruhrstahl–Heraeus (RH), three new RH vacuum degassing vessels with arched snorkels were designed and the corresponding physical models were established. In the water simulation experiment, the circulation flow rate and mixing time of the RH with arched snorkels and rounded snorkels were researched from the aspects of snorkel shape, gas flow rate and the insertion depth of the snorkel. The results showed that, compared with conventional RH with rounded snorkels, the circulation flow rate of new RH reactors increased by 45%~218%, the mixing time decreased by more than 15%. When the maximum gas flow rate of RH with rounded snorkels reached, the circulation flow rate of the three RH with arched snorkels still increased linearly. Compared with the gas flow rate of traditional RH (60~130 m3/h), the maximum circulation flow rate of new RH reactor with arched snorkels increased by more than 48%, which would be convenient short-time and high-strength vacuum refining operation. For the three new type RH with arched snorkels, the circulation flow rate linear increased with the increase of gas flow rate and increased with the increase of immersion depth, and the mixing time decreased accordingly. In practical application, the immersion depth of two RH with relatively small arches should be greater than 545 mm, the immersion depth of RH with maximum arches should be greater than 818 mm, the maximum gas flow rate of three RH reactors with arched snorkels should be controlled at about 173 m3/h. Compared with a gas flow rate of traditional RH (60~130 m3/h), the circulation flow rate of 1#, 2# and 3# RH with arched snorkels increased about 100%, 42% and 112% respectively, mixing time reduced more than 30%, 15% and 34% respectively. In argon flow rate range of the experiment, the circulation flow rate of RH with unsymmetrical arched snorkels was the maximum, and its mixing time was the minimum.
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