以基于金属氢化物的固态储氢技术，与质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)耦合，搭建了基于金属氢化物固态氢源的氢燃料电池动力系统试验台，测试了吸氢压力、放氢温度、氢流量等关键操作参数对氢燃料电池动力系统性能的影响。结果表明，当吸氢压力大于等于0.60 MPa时，固态储氢反应器放氢流量稳定的时间最长可达4500 s以上。当放氢温度大于60℃时，储氢反应器能完全释放氢气，且放氢时间基本相同。放氢流量越小，氢燃料电池动力系统稳定工作的时间越长。
The hydrogen fuel cell technology has been increasingly developed in recent years due to its advantages of clean utilization, high efficiency and free-pollution. Thus, hydrogen fuel cell technology is regarded as one of the most promising power generation systems in the future. In the practical applications of hydrogen fuel cell technology, an efficient, safe and economical hydrogen storage method is remarkably crucial for promoting large-scale utilization of hydrogen fuel cell technology. Among all the hydrogen storage methods, the solid-state hydrogen storage method has been extensively reported to be the promising candidate for hydrogen storage due to its advantages of high hydrogen storage capacity, good hydrogen absorption/desorption reversibility, moderate hydrogen absorption/desorption plateau pressure, low price and good safety. Metal hydride, as the well-known hydrogen storage material, has been successfully applied in the fields of heat pump, hydrogen compression and polygeneration. In this work, the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor based on metal hydride was designed and integrated with the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) to form a highly efficient and high volumetric density power generation system. Specifically, an experimental platform of the fuel cell power system with a nominal output power of 20 W was developed and used to investigate the effects of various key operating parameters including hydrogen absorption pressure, dehydriding temperature and the hydrogen flow rate after dehydriding on the hydrogen fuel cell system?s output. The results showed that a stable hydrogen flow rate after dehydriding could be maintained for up to 4500 s when the hydrogen absorption pressure was at least 0.60 MPa. Moreover, a higher hydrogen flow rate resulted in higher power generation from the fuel cell power generation system. When the dehydriding temperature was more than 60℃, the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor enabled a complete release of the stored hydrogen. However, further increased in the dehydriding temperature had little contributions to facilitating the dehydriding reaction. In addition, lower hydrogen flow rates which were still over the required flow input into the PEMFC resulted in longer working time of the fuel cell power generation system.
[1]侯明，衣宝廉.燃料电池技术发展现状与展望[J].电化学, 2012, 18(1):1-13
[2] Kim SH, Miesse CM, Lee HB, et al.Ultra compact direct hydrogen fuel cell prototype using a metal hydride hydrogen storage tank for a mobile phone[J].Applied Energy, 2014, 134(1):382-391
[3] Bao C, Wang Y, Feng DL, et al.Macroscopic modeling of sold oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and model-based control of SOFC and gas turbine hybrid system [J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2018, 66 (1):83-104
[4]吴峰，叶芳，郭航，等.燃料电池在航天中的应用[J].电池, 2007, 37(3):238-240
[5]Okumus E, San FGB, Okur O, et al.Development of boron-based hydrogen and fuel cell system for small unmanned aerial vehicle[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 42(4):2691-2697
[6]Zhao L, Li FG, Li ZY, et al.Thermodynamic analysis of the emptying process of compressed hydrogen tanks[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44(7):3993-4005
[7]Moreno-Blanco J, Petitpas G, Espinosa-Loza F, et al.The fill density of automotive cryo-compressed hydrogen vessels[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44(2):1010-1020
[8] 杨小平，田景文.固体储氢材料的研究进展[J].化工管理, 2015, 16(1):95-97
[9] 郭浩，杨洪海.固体储氢材料的研究现状及发展趋势 [J].化工新型材料, 2016, 44(9):19-21
[10] Wei TY, Lim KL, Tseng YS, et al.A review on the characterization of hydrogen in hydrogen storage materials [J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 79(1):1122-1133
[11] Heubner F, Hilger A, Kardjilov N, et al.In-operando stress measurement and neutron imaging of metal hydride composites for solid-state hydrogen storage [J].Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 397(1):262-270
[12] Lototskyy M, Yartys VA.Comparative analysis of the efficiencies of hydrogen storage systems utilizing solid state H storage materials[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015, 645(1):365-373
[13]Meng XY, Yang FS, Bao ZW, et al.Theoretical study of a novel solar trigeneration system based on metal hydrides[J].Applied Energy, 2010, 87(6):2050-2061
[14]Meng XY, Wu Z, Bao ZW, et al.Performance simulation and experimental confirmation of a mini-channel metal hydrides reactor[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38(35):15242-15253
[15]Yang FS, Zhang ZX, Gao DF, et al.Simulation study on the outlet flow dynamics of a hydride-based hydrogen storage canister for medical use[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39(12):6548-6557
[16]Song MY, Kwak YJ, Lee SH, et al.Hydriding and dehydriding characteristics of LiBH4 and transition metals-added magnesium hydride[J].Materials Research Bulletin, 2013, 48(7):2476-2481
[17]花磊，杨福胜，孟翔宇，等.金属氢化物氢化脱氢反应动力学模型研究进展[J].化工进展, 2010, 29(3):413-429
[18]Yan Q, Toghiani H, Causey H.Steady state and dynamic performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) under various operating conditions and load changes[J].Journal of Power Sources, 2006, 161(1):492-502
[19]周靖，张晓维，谈金祝，等.操作参数对 性能的影响[J].南京工业大学学报, 2013, 35(4):79-81
[20]耿东森，岳瑞娟，李培金.操作条件对质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响[J].北京化工大学学报, 2005, 32(4):44-47
