基于范德瓦耳斯方程和流体力学理论，考虑液氨卧罐泄漏时罐压和液面面积变化，建立了液氨卧罐液体实时连续泄漏模型。利用模型对某制冷企业液氨卧罐进行数学模拟，并将计算结果与PHAST模拟结果进行对比分析。结果表明，液面高度h下降幅度先减缓后变大，液体泄漏质量流率Qm和泄漏孔处液体泄漏速率v的下降幅度及泄漏液体质量m的增加幅度逐渐减缓。泄漏开始时，Qm和v值最大；泄漏停止时，m值最大。泄漏孔径为5, 30和100 mm时，泄漏时间t为29884.027, 837.289和77.550 s，Qm(max)为0.552, 19.913和221.160 kg/s，v(max)为46.733 m/s，m(max)为10255.649, 10339.923和10572.760 kg。模型计算结果与PHAST模拟结果偏差小于24%，从参数变化规律和风险应急分析，模型对液氨卧罐液体泄漏理论计算具有一定适用性。

Based on Van der Waals equation and theory of fluid mechanics, the liquid real-time continuous leakage model of horizontal liquid ammonia tank was established considering the changes of tank pressure and liquid surface area. Mathematical modeling of a horizontal liquid ammonia tank in a refrigeration company was performed by this model, and the calculation results were compared with PHAST simulation results. The results showed that the decreasing range of liquid level height h grew slowly and then increased quickly, the decreasing range of liquid leakage mass flow rate Qm and liquid leakage rate v and the increasing range of liquid leakage mass m decrease slowly. At the beginning of leakage, Qm and v were the maximum values, at the end of leakage, m was the maximum values. When the diameters of leakage hole were 5, 30 and 100 mm, leakage time t were 29884.027, 837.289, 77.550 s, Qm(max) were 0.552, 19.913 and 221.160 kg/s, v (max) was 46.733 m/s, m(max) were 10255.649, 10339.923 and 10572.760 kg, respectively. The deviation between the calculation results of the model and the PHAST simulation results was less than 24%. From the analysis of parameter variation and risk emergency, the model had the certain applicability for the theoretical calculation of liquid leakage in horizontal liquid ammonia tank.