有机胺在化工、医药、生命科学等领域有着广泛的应用，可作为染料、日用品原料以及抗生素、生物碱、临床医学药物等。在众多胺类化合物中，伯胺是最基础的结构单元，其应用在胺类化合物中也最为广泛。随着经济社会的快速发展与人们生活质量的提高，伯胺，尤其是脂肪伯胺的市场需求量与日俱增，脂肪伯胺的合成及工业化制备已成为一个重要领域。经过了数十年的发展，脂肪伯胺的生产技术已经取得了巨大的成果，但仍然存在一些问题，例如苛刻的反应条件、催化剂性能不足、污染严重、工艺复杂等。本文以脂肪伯胺的工业生产以及热点制备方法为研究对象，针对工业上制备脂肪伯胺的工艺进行了汇总归纳(包括卤代烃胺化法、醇还原胺化法，腈加氢还原法、烯烃直接胺化法、羧酸胺化法等)，并举例说明各制备方法在工业生产中的实际应用，分析比较各工艺方案的优劣，并对当前的研究热点——通过羰基还原胺化制备脂肪伯胺的方法进行了研究进展的阐述，指出该制备方法在未来工业应用的潜力与挑战。
Organic amines have a wide range of applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, life science and other fields. They can be used as raw materials for dyes, daily necessities, antibiotics, alkaloids, and clinical medicines. Among different amine compounds, primary amine is the most basic structural unit. Its application is also the most widely used in amine compounds. With the rapid development of economic and social as well as the improvement of people's quality of life, the market demand for primary amines, especially fatty primary amines, is increasing day by day. The synthesis and industrial preparation of fatty primary amines has become an important field. After decades of development, though the production technology of fatty primary amines has achieved great results, there are still some problems such as harsh reaction conditions, insufficient catalyst performance, serious pollution, complicated processes, etc. This work takes the industrial production and hot preparation methods of fatty primary amines as the research object, summarizes the process of preparing fatty primary amines in industry (including alkylation of organic halides with ammonia, reductive amination of alcohol, hydrogenation reduction of nitrile, direct amination of olefin, amination of carboxylic acid, etc.) and illustrates the practical application of each preparation method in industry production. It also analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each production method. Inferior, the current research hotspot-the method of preparing fatty primary amines by reductive amination of carbonyl compounds is described, and the potential and challenges of the preparation method in future industrial applications are pointed out.
