钒铅锌矿含有多种有价金属，V品位高，具有较高的经济价值。本工作采用硫酸浸出法从该矿中提取钒锌，对浸出过程热力学进行分析，通过条件实验研究硫酸浓度、液固比、浸出时间、搅拌速率、浸出温度等条件对钒、铅、锌等主要有价金属浸出率的影响。结果表明，在较高pH值及较高温度下，浸出液中V会出现水解，含V的水解产物留在浸出渣中影响V浸出率。得到最优浸出条件为：硫酸浓度200 g/L，液固比3:1，浸出时间30 min，搅拌速率200 r/min，浸出温度为30℃。最优条件下V浸出率可达97.90%，Zn浸出率为97.11%，Fe浸出率<1%，Pb浸出率<0.01%。动力学分析结果表明，浸出过程的反应速率受扩散过程控制。酸浸过程使V和Zn进入浸出液，Pb和Fe留在浸出渣中，所得浸出液可使用离子交换或萃取法分离V和Zn。浸出渣中含钒0.41wt%、锌0.61wt%、铁15.50wt%、铅47.70wt%，主要成分为PbSO₄和FeO(OH)，可返回火法炼铅系统。

Vanadium lead zinc ore contains a variety of valuable metals with high V grade and high economic value. In this work, vanadium and zinc were extracted from the mine by sulfuric acid leaching method, and the thermodynamics of the leaching process was analyzed. The effects of sulfuric acid concentration, liquid-solid ratio, leaching time, stirring rate and leaching temperature on the leaching rate of vanadium, lead and zinc were studied through conditional experiments. The results showed that the hydrolysis of V in the leaching solution and hydrolysis products containing V remained in the leaching residue at high pH and higher temperatures, which affected the leaching rate of V. The optimum leaching conditions were as follows: sulfuric acid concentration 200 g/L, liquid-solid ratio 3:1, leaching time 30 min, stirring rate 200 r/min and leaching temperature 30℃. Under the optimum conditions, the V leaching rate was 97.90%, the Zn leaching rate was 97.11%, the Fe leaching rate was less than 1%, and the Pb leaching rate was less than 0.01%. The results of kinetic analysis showed that the reaction rate of leaching process was controlled by diffusion process. In the acid leaching process, V and Zn entered the leaching solution, and Pb and Fe remained in the leaching residue. The resulting leaching solution can be separated by ion exchange or extraction. The leaching residue contained 0.41wt% vanadium, 0.61wt% zinc, 15.50wt% iron and 47.70wt% lead. The main components were PbSO₄ and FeO(OH), which can be returned to the pyrometallurgical lead smelting system.