废锂离子电池中不仅富含我国高对外依存度的关键金属，还含有重金属、有机污染物等有毒有害物质，具有资源与环境的双重属性。推进其高效循环利用是保障新能源汽车等战略新兴产业可持续发展的关键。锂离子电池组成结构复杂，有机物成分变化大、种类多，常规的火法和湿法冶金过程容易产生二次环境危害，不利于资源的清洁循环利用。热处理作为保障废锂离子电池中有价金属资源有效回收的重要技术，近年来受到了行业的广泛关注。热处理技术具有二次污染小、设备简单、过程易放大、经济性高等诸多优势。结合热处理技术对废锂离子电池回收中的污染物进行源头治理，既能实现清洁生产，也能强化后续深度处理。本工作立足于行业现状和战略需求，重点讨论了废锂离子电池预处理中的污染物产生、迁移和转化规律，对比总结了热处理在杂质去除和污染防控等方面的技术优势。同时，对废锂离子电池的热处理工艺进行了系统分类，总结了不同热处理条件下的物质转化规律。
Spent lithium-ion batteries have the dual properties of mineral resources and environmental pollution, they are not only rich in key metals with high external dependence in China, but also contain toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metals and organic pollutants. Efficient recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries is the key to ensure the sustainable development of strategic emerging industries such as electric vehicles. Lithium-ion batteries have various categories associated with complex structures and different organic compounds. Conventional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes are likely to produce secondary environmental hazards, which affects the subsequent efficient recycling of metals. Heat treatment has attracted extensive attention in the industry in recent years, since it helps effective recovery of valuable metal resources. Heat treatment technology enjoys many advantages, such as little secondary pollution, attainable equipment, readily scaling up and low costs. Associated with the heat treatment method, the pollution control at the very beginning of recycling spent lithium-ion batteries can not only realize clean production, but also strengthen the subsequent in-depth treatment. Based on the current situation and strategic needs of the industry, this work focused on the generation, migration and transformation of pollutants in the pretreatment of spent lithium-ion batteries. The technical advantages of heat treatment were compared and summarized in the aspects of impurity removal and pollution prevention and control. Meanwhile, the heat treatment processes of spent lithium-ion batteries were systematically classified, and the material transformation mechanism under different heat treatment conditions was summarized.
