紫精是一种具有显著光学对比度、较高着色效率、独特氧化还原稳定性的化合物。它易于进行分子设计以及被用于大面积器件的制作。由于其独特的性能，紫精类变色材料在军事伪装、屏幕显示、信息存储、智能变色窗等领域都有着广泛的应用前景，成为当前研究的热点之一。随着智能材料的迅速发展，科研工作者对紫精基变色材料(包括小分子紫精衍生物、紫精功能共轭聚合物，基于紫精的有机/无机复合材料)的研究也逐渐深入。本工作对近年来紫精变色材料的研究进展进行了综述，重点介绍了紫精的合成与应用、离子液体和聚离子液体在紫精变色领域中的应用以及目前国内外企业和研究单位的研究现状，并从工业应用方向讨论了紫精变色材料目前存在的问题和未来的潜在应用。

Viologen is a kind of compound with remarkable optical contrast, high coloring efficiency, unique redox stability. It's easy to be used for molecular design and large-area fabrication of devices. Due to its unique properties, viologen electrochromic materials have been widely used in military camouflage, screen display, information storage, intelligent dimming windows and other fields, and become one of the research hotspots. With the rapid development of smart materials, scientific researchers have gradually deepened their research on viologen-based electrochromic materials (including small molecule viologen derivatives, conjugated polymer functional viologen and viologen-based organic/inorganic composite material). In this review, the progresses of viologen electrochromic materials in recent years are reviewed, focusing on the synthesis and application of viologen, the application of ionic liquids or polyionic liquids in the field of viologen electrochromic, as well as the research status of enterprises and research institutions at home and abroad. The existing problems and potential applications of viologen electrochromic materials in the future are discussed from the perspective of industrial application.