铜因其优异的物理化学性能而在工业中得到广泛应用。目前，随着硫化铜资源的枯竭，氧化铜资源的开发利用逐渐成为研究的重点。氧化铜矿作为铜金属的最主要来源之一，其有效回收的关键是活化过程。然而由于易选铜矿物的逐渐减少，且现存氧化铜矿资源呈现出氧化率高、矿物组成复杂、易泥化等特点，致使选别过程较为困难。经典的硫化-黄药浮选法无法满足目前复杂氧化铜矿资源的选别要求。此外，活化剂作用于矿物表面的机理以及对活化产物晶体结构的解释不明确，在一定程度上制约了氧化铜矿分离理论和方法的发展。近年来，针对复杂难选的氧化铜资源，多种新型活化剂或者组合活化剂已见诸报端，在一定程度上解决了复杂氧化铜矿难选的问题。本工作通过梳理近年来氧化铜矿活化剂发展脉络，重点综述了新型活化剂以及新型活化方法的应用及活化机理，旨在丰富氧化铜矿高效浮选理论体系，为生产实践提供参考。
Copper is widely used in industry because of its excellent physical and chemical properties.At present, with the depletion of copper sulfide resources, the development and utilization of copper oxide resources has gradually become the focus of research. As an important source of copper metal extraction, the key to efficient recovery of copper oxide ore is the activation process. However, the existing copper oxide resources have the characteristics of high oxidation rate, complex mineral composition and easy sludge, which makes the beneficiation more difficult. The classical sulfidization-xanthate flotation method can't meet the current requirements of complex copper oxide ore resource separation. In addition, the mechanism of activator acting on mineral surface and the unclear explanation of crystal structure of activated products restrict the development of the theory and method of copper oxide ore separation to some extent. In recent years, a variety of new activators or combination activators have been reported in reference for the complex and difficult-to-beneficiated copper oxide resources. Scholars have made a deeper research and elaboration on the activation mechanism of copper oxide ore based on the existing activation theory, and put forward a variety of effective and practical new theories and methods, which have solved the problem of complex copper oxide ore beneficiation to some extent. In this review, by combing the development of activator for copper oxide ore in recent years, the application and activation mechanism of new activator and new activation method are summarized, aiming at enriching the theoretical system of efficient flotation of copper oxide ore and providing reference for production practice.
