水系锌离子电池(AZIBs)因其高安全性、低成本、环境友好且具有较高的能量密度，是大规模储能的理想选择。但锌负极在循环过程中易出现枝晶生长、腐蚀及析氢反应，严重影响电池寿命并限制其实际应用。针对这些问题，基于二维(2D)材料的锌负极改性策略受到广泛关注。二维材料具备原子级厚度、大比表面积和优异的机械性能，被视为极具潜力的负极材料。本文结合AZIBs的基本工作原理与最新研究进展，系统综述了石墨烯、二维金属碳化物/氮化物(MXene)等典型二维材料在锌负极中的应用进展，重点介绍了通过保护层构建、基底材料设计、电解质添加及隔膜改性等途径实现高可逆性锌负极的策略，并对二维材料在锌负极领域的发展前景进行了展望。

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as a promising candidate for large-scale energy storage systems due to their inherent advantages, including high safety, cost-effectiveness, environmental compatibility, and relatively high energy density. However, the practical application of AZIBs is hindered by several challenges associated with zinc anodes, such as uncontrolled dendrite formation, corrosion, and hydrogen evolution reactions during cycling, which significantly degrade battery performance and lifespan. To address these issues, researchers have explored various modification strategies, among which the application of two-dimensional (2D) materials has gained considerable attention. Two-dimensional materials, characterized by their atomic-level thickness, large specific surface area, abundant active sites, superior mechanical strength, and unique electrochemical properties, exhibit great potential in optimizing zinc anodes. Notably, graphene and two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) have been widely investigated due to their excellent conductivity, structural stability, and tunable surface chemistry. This review systematically summarizes the recent advancements in 2D material-based modification strategies for zinc anodes, focusing on protective layer construction, host material design, electrolyte additives, and separator functionalization. These approaches effectively enhance zinc deposition uniformity, suppress side reactions, and improve anode reversibility. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects of 2D materials in AZIBs are discussed, providing insights for the development of high-performance zinc-based energy storage systems.