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过程工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (5): 539-549.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.225172

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

多巴胺与聚乙烯醇协同改性PVDF膜的制备及油水分离性能

庞舒蕾， 吴海涛， 孙涵， 董延茂*   

  1. 苏州科技大学化学与生命科学学院，江苏 苏州 215009
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-18 修回日期:2025-10-21 出版日期:2026-05-28 发布日期:2026-05-28
  • 通讯作者: 董延茂 dongyanmao@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省基础研究计划自然科学基金青年项目;江苏省高等学校基础科学（自然科学）研究项目资助

Preparation and oil-water separation performance of PVDF membranes co-modified with dopamine and polyvinyl alcohol

Shulei PANG,  Haitao WU,  Han SUN,  Yanmao DONG*   

  1. School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
  • Received:2025-06-18 Revised:2025-10-21 Online:2026-05-28 Published:2026-05-28

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摘要： 面对石油开采及人类活动产生的大量含油废水，开发高效油水分离技术是保障生态环境安全与资源可持续利用的迫切需求。膜分离技术因高效便捷的优势，已成为含油废水处理的有效方案之一。为改善用于疏水分离膜的亲水/疏油性能，本研究以机械性能优良的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)疏水微滤膜为基体，首先通过仿生涂覆法在PVDF膜表面使多巴胺生成聚多巴胺(PDA)，再与聚乙烯醇(PVA)反应形成致密亲水层，制备改性膜，实现膜表面亲水/疏油特性。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对改性膜的形貌和组成进行了表征。通过测定水接触角、水下油接触角、乳液通量和截油率，全面评估了改性膜的油水分离性能。结果表明，最优工艺条件下制备的改性膜M3，其纯水通量可达4893.2±70.2 L/(m2?h)，对水包甲苯乳液的乳液通量为2138.1±29.4 L/(m2?h)，截油率为98.5%±0.1%。牛血清白蛋白(BSA)溶液的模拟污染和再生结果显示，M3改性膜通量恢复率可达92.0%，具有良好的防污性能。经酸、碱和盐溶液的浸泡试验证明，该改性膜具有良好的化学稳定性。本研究设计制备的PVDF改性膜具有简单、绿色、高效的特点，在油水分离领域具有良好的应用潜力，为油水分离膜的研究制备提供了新思路。

关键词: PVDF膜, 多巴胺, 聚乙烯醇, 亲水性, 油水分离

Abstract: In the face of large amounts of oily wastewater generated by oil extraction and human activities, the development of efficient oil-water separation technology is an urgent requirement for ensuring ecological and environmental safety and the sustainable use of resources. Membrane separation technology has become one of the effective solutions for oily wastewater treatment due to its advantages of high efficiency and convenience. To improve the hydrophilic/oleophobic properties of hydrophobic separation membranes, this study employed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hydrophobic membranes with good mechanical properties as the substrate. Through a biomimetic coating method, dopamine (DA) was first polymerized to form polydopamine (PDA) on the surface of PVDF membranes, which then reacted with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form a dense hydrophilic layer, thus preparing modified membranes with hydrophilic/oleophobic surface properties. The morphology and composition of the modified membranes were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The oil-water separation performance of the modified membranes was comprehensively evaluated by determining the water contact angle, underwater oil contact angle, emulsion flux, and oil rejection. The results showed that the modified membrane M3, prepared under the optimal process conditions, achieved a pure water flux of 4893.2±70.2 L/(m2?h), an emulsion flux of 2138.1±29.4 L/(m2?h) for toluene-in-water emulsion, and an oil rejection of 98.5%±0.1%. Simulated fouling and regeneration tests using bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution indicated that the flux recovery rate of the M3 membrane reached 92.0%, exhibiting good antifouling performance. Immersion tests in acid, alkali, and salt solutions demonstrated that the modified membrane possessed excellent chemical stability. The PVDF modified membranes designed and prepared in this study exhibits the advantages of simplicity, environmental friendliness, and high efficiency, demonstrating excellent application potential in the field of oil-water separation. This work provides a new approach for the research and preparation of oil-water separation membranes.

Key words: PVDF membrane, dopamine, polyvinyl alcohol, hydrophilicity, oil-water separation