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过程工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (10): 1079-1089.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.225322

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

倒锥型快速流化床反应器的气固流动特性实验研究

王豪， 耿素龙， 龚剑洪*， 张同旺   

  1. 中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司，北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-25 修回日期:2026-03-10 出版日期:2026-10-28 发布日期:2026-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 龚剑洪 gongjianhong.ripp@sinopec.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油化工股份有限公司合同项目

Experimental study on gas-solid flow characteristics in an inverted cone fast fluidized bed reactor

Hao WANG,  Sulong GENG,  Jianhong GONG*,  Tongwang ZHANG   

  1. Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2025-12-25 Revised:2026-03-10 Online:2026-10-28 Published:2026-10-28

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摘要： 针对重油高效催化裂解(RTC)增产低碳烯烃技术，结合其独特反应器结构特点，建立了一套提升管与倒锥型快速流化床反应器冷模实验装置。在快速流态化流域内，采用差压传感器和光纤颗粒浓度测量仪测定倒锥型快速流化床反应器内不同表观气速与颗粒循环速率时固含率沿轴向和径向的分布规律。结果表明，在表观气速为2.39~3.35 m/s，颗粒循环速率为16.38~46.74 kg/(m2?s)的操作范围内，床层轴向固含率呈现“上稀下浓”的分布特征，径向固含率呈现边壁浓、中间稀的环-核分布；随颗粒循环速率增大或表观气速减小，反应器内平均固含率增大，同时颗粒分布不均匀性增加。颗粒循环速率为15 kg/(m2?s)时，随表观气速由2.39 m/s增大至3.35 m/s，轴向不均匀指数ANI(εs)由0.661减小至0.378。在轴向高度为H=3.45 m时，当颗粒循环速率由15.18 kg/(m2?s)增大至37.04 kg/(m2?s)，反应器下段密相区径向不均匀指数RNI(εs)由0.210增至0.256；为提高反应器内颗粒轴向分布均匀性，在反应器上部补充催化剂颗粒，补剂后，轴向不均匀指数由0.485降至0.376，一定程度上缓解了“上稀下浓”的分布缺陷，同时反应器内平均固含率由0.078增至0.123；在平均表观气速2~3 m/s的重油高效催化裂解技术操作条件下，倒锥型快速床反应器内的平均固含率相比于提升管反应器提高约5.66倍，为提高重油催化裂解效率提供了有利条件。

关键词: 快速流化床, 固含率, 轴向分布, 径向分布, 补剂

Abstract: Aiming at the residue-to-chemicals (RTC) technology for enhanced light olefin production, and in consideration of its unique reactor structural characteristics, a cold-flow model experimental setup comprising a riser and an inverted cone-shaped fast fluidized bed reactor was established. Within the fast fluidization regime, differential pressure transmitters and fiber-optic particle concentration probes were employed to measure the axial and radial distribution patterns of solid holdup in the inverted cone-shaped fast fluidized bed reactor under different superficial gas velocities and solid circulation rates. The results show that, within the operational range of superficial gas velocities from 2.39 to 3.35 m/s and solid circulation rates from 16.38 to 46.74 kg/(m2?s), the axial solid holdup exhibited a "dilute at the top, dense at the bottom" distribution pattern, while the radial solid holdup displayed a core-annulus structure with higher concentrations near the wall and lower concentrations at the center. As the solid circulation rate increased or the superficial gas velocity decreased, the average solid holdup in the reactor increased, and the non-uniformity of particle distribution intensified. At a particle circulation rate of 15 kg/(m2?s), as the superficial gas velocity increases from 2.39 m/s to 3.35 m/s, the axial non-uniformity index ANI(εs) decreased from 0.661 to 0.378. At an axial height of H=3.45 m, as the particle circulation rate increases from 15.18 kg/(m2?s) to 37.04 kg/(m2?s), the radial non-uniformity index RNI(εs) in the dense phase zone of the lower reactor section increased from 0.210 to 0.256. To improve the axial uniformity of particle distribution in the reactor, catalyst particles were replenished in the upper section. After catalyst supplement, the axial non-uniformity index decreased from 0.485 to 0.376, partially alleviating the "dilute at the top, dense at the bottom" distribution defect, while the average solid holdup in the reactor increased from 0.078 to 0.123. Under the operating conditions of the RTC technology with an average superficial gas velocity of 2~3 m/s, the average solid holdup in the inverted cone-shaped fast fluidized bed reactor was approximately 5.66 times higher than that in the riser reactor, providing favorable conditions for enhancing the catalytic cracking efficiency of heavy oil.

Key words: fast fluidized bed, solid holdup, axial distribution, radial distribution, catalyst supplement